Why does the sun never change size if it's close? Why doesn't it get hotter with altitude if the sun is close?
we should be in darkness at noon on the winter solstice
https://www.instagram.com/reel/CzuYD8mNTf-/?igsh=MXgzNmxqejFxMzlndQ==
https://www.solarsystemscope.com/spacepedia/earth/orbital-and-rotational-characteristics-of-earth
Rather than looking at 4 points on the orbit, imagine each day. Draw it out on paper. 24 hours is the amount of time for the sun to be in the same horizontal position in the sky (noon). This already includes the angle change along the slightly elliptical (nearly circular) orbit path.
And hours, minutes and seconds are all manmade instruments to measure this exact phenomenon\
https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.03932
The solar diameter has been monitored at the Royal Observatory of the Spanish Navy (today the Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada: ROA) almost continuously since its creation in 1753 (i.e. during the last quarter of a millennium). After a painstaking effort to collect data in the historical archive of this institution, we present here the data of the solar semidiameter from 1773 to 2006, making up an extensive new database for solar-radius measurements can be considered. We have calculated the solar semidiameter from the transit times registered by the observers (except values of the solar radius from the modern Danjon astrolabe, which were published by ROA). These data were analysed to reveal any significant long-term trends, but no such trends were found. Therefore, the data sample confirms the constancy of the solar diameter during the last quarter of a millennium (approximately) within instrumental and methodological limits. Moreover, no relationship between solar radius and the new sunspot-number index has been found from measurements of the ROA. Finally, the mean value for solar semidiameter (with one standard deviation) calculated from the observations made in the ROA (1773-2006), after applying corrections by refraction and diffraction, is equal to 958.87" +/- 1.77"
Your naked eye can see objects of any size, if they emit or scatter enough light to trigger its detector cells. Light visible from the star Deneb covers a minuscule fraction of your visual field (its ‘angular diameter’ is 0.0024 arcseconds). A light-emitting object seen as the same size when 15cm from your face, would be 1.75 nanometres wide. That’s only about 10 times the width of an atom of gold! And you can ‘see’ smoke and fog, even when their constituent particles are too small to pick out.
What is limited is the eye’s resolution: how close two objects can become before they blur into one. At absolute best, humans can resolve two lines about 0.01 degrees apart: a 0.026mm gap, 15cm from your face. In practice, objects 0.04mm wide (the width of a fine human hair) are just distinguishable by good eyes, objects 0.02mm wide are not.
Why does the speed of the sun through the sky not increase in the southern hemisphere in a flat model? The circle is huge. The angular velocity should be observably different.
The sun rotates the other way in Antarctica than it does at the North pole. Clockwise versus counterclockwise. Just like the stars.